'Admin', 'description' => 'Administrator']); $managerRole = Role::create(['name' => 'Manager', 'description' => 'Manager']); $userRole = Role::create(['name' => 'User', 'description' => 'User']); // Assign permissions to roles $this->assignPermissions($adminRole, $adminPermissions); $this->assignPermissions($managerRole, $managerPermissions); $this->assignPermissions($userRole, $userPermissions); } private function assignPermissions($role, $permissions) { foreach ($permissions as $permissionName) { $permission = Permission::where('name', $permissionName)->first(); if ($permission) { $role->permissions()->attach($permission); } } } }